🏦 Module 3: Saving Strategies & Emergency Fund
🏦 कितना Emergency Fund रखना चाहिए?
Emergency Fund का size हर व्यक्ति के खर्च और life situation पर depend करता है। इसको decide करने का सबसे आसान तरीका “Monthly Expense × Months” formula है।
🔹 Step 1: अपना Monthly Essential Expense Calculate करें
Essential Expense = Basic ज़रूरतें + Fixed Commitments
| Expense Type | Example |
|---|---|
| 🏠 Housing | किराया या Home Loan EMI |
| 🍚 Food | राशन, सब्ज़ी, दूध |
| ⚡ Utilities | Electricity, Water, Gas, Internet |
| 🚗 Transport | Petrol, Metro, School Bus |
| 🧾 Loan EMI | Car Loan, Personal Loan |
| 💊 Health | दवाइयाँ, Health Insurance premium |
📌 Wants जैसे movie, vacation, gadgets exclude करें।
🔹 Step 2: Emergency Fund Rule of Thumb
| Risk Level | Fund Size |
|---|---|
| Minimum Security | 3 Months Expense |
| Moderate Security | 6 Months Expense |
| High Security (Job Risk/Single Income Family) | 12 Months Expense |
🧮 Example 1:
मान लीजिए आपका Monthly Essential Expense = ₹40,000
- Minimum Fund = 3 × 40,000 = ₹1,20,000
- Ideal Fund = 6 × 40,000 = ₹2,40,000
- High Security Fund = 12 × 40,000 = ₹4,80,000
🧮 Example 2: Family with Kids
- Monthly Essential Expense = ₹60,000
- 6 Months Emergency Fund = ₹3,60,000
🔹 Step 3: कौन कितना Fund रखे?
| Situation | Recommended Fund |
|---|---|
| Single, Stable Job | 3–6 months |
| Married, Dual Income | 6 months |
| Married, Single Income | 6–9 months |
| Business / Freelance | 12 months (income irregular) |
| Health Risk या Loans ज़्यादा | 9–12 months |
🔹 Step 4: Fund कहाँ रखें?
Rule = Safe + Liquid + Easy Access
- 50% Savings Account / Sweep-in FD (Immediate need)
- 50% Liquid Mutual Fund (Better return, 1-day withdrawal)
❌ Stock Market / Crypto / PPF में Emergency Fund मत रखें क्योंकि emergency में market गिरा तो पैसा फँस सकता है।
✅ Quick Checklist
- Monthly essential expense calculate किया
- 3-6 months का target set किया
- अलग account/fund में रखा
- सिर्फ असली emergency में इस्तेमाल होगा
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