💳 Module 4: बैंकों और Digital Tools की समझ
(“Karz ka control, financial freedom ka first step”)
🏦 Savings Account, Current Account, FD और RD Explained
अगर आप financial literacy सीख रहे हैं तो bank accounts और deposit types को समझना बहुत ज़रूरी है।
Savings Account (बचत खाता)
Purpose:
- Salary या income receive करना
- रोज़मर्रा के transactions के लिए
- थोड़ा interest earn करना
Key Features:
- Interest rate ~3-4% (bank पर depend)
- Limited free transactions (withdrawal limit हो सकती है)
- ATM card, cheque book, net banking मिलता है
- Individual और joint दोनों के नाम पर खुल सकता है
Best For:
- Salary earners
- Small saving और daily use
Current Account (करेंट खाता)
Purpose:
- Business transactions
- High volume money transfer
Key Features:
- Interest नहीं मिलता (0%)
- Unlimited transactions allowed
- High minimum balance required
- Overdraft facility (bank से temporary loan) मिल सकती है
Best For:
- Business owners
- Traders / Shopkeepers
- High cash flow accounts
Fixed Deposit (FD)
Purpose:
- Fixed period के लिए पैसा deposit करके interest कमाना
Key Features:
- Tenure: 7 days – 10 years
- Interest rate ~6-8% (bank पर depend)
- Safe investment (Bank + DICGC insured ₹5 lakh तक)
- Premature withdrawal possible but penalty लग सकती है
- Loan ले सकते हैं FD के against (~90% तक)
Best For:
- Low-risk saving
- Short or medium-term goals
- Emergency Fund का हिस्सा (Breakable FD)
Recurring Deposit (RD)
Purpose:
- हर महीने fixed amount deposit करके saving habit develop करना
Key Features:
- Tenure: 6 months – 10 years
- Monthly fixed deposit amount
- Interest rate ~6-7% (FD जैसा)
- Premature closure possible with penalty
- Compounding से decent return
Best For:
- Regular savers
- Short-term goals (Travel, gadgets)
- Lump sum invest नहीं कर सकते तो RD best है
Quick Comparison Table
| Feature | Savings Account | Current Account | FD | RD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interest Rate | 3-4% | 0% | 6-8% | 6-7% |
| Withdrawal Limit | Limited | Unlimited | Lock-in (Breakable) | Lock-in (Monthly deposit) |
| Best For | Daily use & saving | Business transactions | Lump sum saving | Regular small saving |
| Liquidity | High | High | Medium | Medium |
| Overdraft Facility | Rare | Yes | Loan against FD | No |
✅ Bottom Line
- Savings Account → रोज़मर्रा का use + छोटी saving
- Current Account → Business और high transactions
- FD → Lump sum safe investment
- RD → Monthly disciplined saving
💡 Practical Tip: Emergency Fund का 50% savings account या sweep FD में, और 50% breakable FD या liquid fund में रख सकते हैं।
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