💳 Module 4: बैंकों और Digital Tools की समझ

💰 Fund Transfer Methods in India

Fund Transfer Methods को समझना किसी भी Financial Literacy Course में ज़रूरी है, क्योंकि हर method का speed, cost और use case अलग होता है।

यहाँ मैं आपको Cheque, Demand Draft, IMPS, NEFT, RTGS का detail comparison देता हूँ।

Cheque (चेक)

Definition: Cheque एक written order है जिसमें account holder bank को instruct करता है कि किसी व्यक्ति/संस्था को specified amount pay करें।

Types:

1. Bearer Cheque – कोई भी bearer (ले जाने वाला) पैसा ले सकता है
2. Crossed / Account Payee Cheque – सिर्फ account में deposit होगा
3. Post-dated Cheque – future date का cheque

Key Points:

• Clearing time: 1-3 working days (local), outstation ज़्यादा
• Charges: Free to nominal
• Risk: Bounce होने पर penalty

Best For:

• Offline payments
• Legal proof of payment

Demand Draft (DD)

Definition: Bank द्वारा issue किया गया prepaid instrument, जो drawer के account से पहले ही पैसा काट लेता है, इसलिए bounce नहीं हो सकता।

Key Points:

• Bank guarantee करता है payment
• Clearing: 1-3 working days
• Charges: Bank charge (~₹50-500)
• Risk: Lost DD → duplicate issue possible

Best For:

• College fee, government fee, tender submission
• जब receiver को surety चाहिए कि पैसा मिलेगा ही

IMPS (Immediate Payment Service)

Definition: 24x7 real-time fund transfer service (Mobile, Net Banking, UPI)।

Key Points:

• Limit: ₹1 – ₹5 lakh/day (bank-dependent)
• Settlement: Instant (real-time)
• Charges: Mostly free / ₹2-5 + GST
• Use: Mobile no + MMID, Account no + IFSC, या UPI

Best For:

• Emergency fund transfer
• Night या holiday में payment

NEFT (National Electronic Funds Transfer)

Definition: Bank-to-bank fund transfer in hourly batches।

Key Points:

• Timing: 24x7 (2020 से continuous settlement)
• Settlement: 30 min – 2 hr
• Limit: No upper limit (bank may cap per txn)
• Charges: Online free (offline ₹2-5/txn)

Best For:

• Scheduled payments
• Non-urgent fund transfer

RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement)

Definition: High-value fund transfer system जहाँ payment real-time और individually settle होती है।

Key Points:

• Minimum: ₹2 lakh
• No maximum limit
• Timing: 24x7
• Charges: Mostly free online
• Settlement: Instant

Best For:

• Large transactions (property, business)
• जब real-time confirmation चाहिए

Quick Comparison Table

✅ Bottom Line

• Emergency / Small Transfer → IMPS / UPI
• Routine Transfer → NEFT
• High-value, Real-time → RTGS
• Offline / Legal Proof → Cheque / DD