📘 Module 4: Functions & Methods in Java
📊 Java Method Overriding – Flowchart (Text Form)
┌────────────────────────┐
│ Parent Class │
│------------------------│
│ methodName() │
│ → Default implementation│
└──────────┬─────────────┘
│
▼
┌────────────────────────────┐
│ Child Class extends Parent│
│-----------------------------│
│ @Override │
│ methodName() │
│ → New implementation │
└──────────┬─────────────────┘
│
▼
┌──────────────────────────────┐
│ Parent reference = new Child(); │
│ reference.methodName(); │
└──────────┬────────────────────┘
▼
Runtime Decision:
Executes Child’s method
📘 Quick Reference Table: Overriding vs Overloading
| Feature | Method Overriding | Method Overloading |
|---|---|---|
| Class | Parent-child classes (Inheritance) | Same class |
| Parameters | Same | Different |
| Return Type | Same (or covariant) | Can be different |
| Polymorphism Type | Runtime | Compile-time |
| Annotation | Uses @Override (recommended) | कोई annotation नहीं ज़रूरी |
| Access Modifier | Cannot be more restrictive | कोई restriction नहीं |
| Static Methods | ❌ Static methods can’t be overridden | ✅ Can be overloaded |
✅ Important Rules for Overriding:
- Method name, parameters और return type same होने चाहिए
- Access modifier equal या ज़्यादा accessible होना चाहिए (public > protected > default > private)
- Overriding only works with instance methods (non-static)
- Private methods, static methods, और constructors override नहीं हो सकते
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